![]() Trading empire based on the Malacca straits its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islamįlourishing trading city in Malaya established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya (1162-1227) Mongol ruler defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms Islamic mystics spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regionsĬentral Asian nomadic peoples captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph Islamic religious scholars pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology opposed to non-Islamic thinking Invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 Nomadic invaders from central Asia staunch Sunnis ruled from the 11th c. "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of IslamĪrab sailing vessels equipped with lateen sails used by Arab merchants The successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic communityĬousin and son-in-law of Muhammad one of the orthodox caliphs focus for the development of shi'ismįollowers of the majority interpretation within Islam included the Umayyadsįollowers of Ali's interpretation of Islamĭynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750 their capital was at Baghdad The obligatory religious duties for all Muslims confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) The word of god as revealed through Muhammad made into the holy book of Islam ![]() (570-632) prophet of Allah originally a merchant of the Quraysh Town northeast of Mecca asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendarĬlan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca later an Islamic dynasty Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goatsĪrabian commercial center dominated by the Quraysh the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam ![]()
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